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On November 11, 1918, the last 4 years of the first world war in Britain, the United States, France and other countries win and Germany, the failure and come to an end. In January 1919, the Allies of winning Versailles peace conference in Paris. China, as the victors to attend the meeting. The representative of China put forward at the meeting were abolished privileges in China, foreign cancel "article 21", etc. As required, are refused. The meeting Japan was decided to take over Germany in China of all kinds of privileges. The treaty on this country, the representative of China was ready to sign recognition. Word came that the wrath of the whole nation and public anger. Take the student as the forerunner of the May 4th patriotic movement as the volcanic eruptions began.

The afternoon of May 4th rally ahead of more than 3000 students in tiananmen square in Beijing, they shouted "I Qingdao", "outside for sovereignty, in addition to the kleptocratic" slogans, such as calling for people from all walks of life, oppose imperialist aggression, defend the Chinese territory and sovereignty. The movement of all ranks of workers and the solidarity and support, Shanghai, nanjing and other places of work have held strikes or demonstrations. Under the pressure of the people throughout the country, the northern government was forced to release the arrested students, remove Cao Rulin and others post, and instructions Paris to attend the meeting of the representatives refused to sign the contract.

The May 4th movement is a thorough uncompromising anti-imperialist and anti-feudal patriotic movement. She promoted the combination of marxism and the Chinese workers' movement, has produced a batch of preliminary communist ideology of intellectuals, for the establishment of the communist party of China made a thought, cadres on the preparation.

In order to make the youth inheritance of carry forward the glorious tradition of the May 4th movement, in 1939, the shensi-kansu-ningsia border region of northwest youth national salvation association rules on May 4 youth day in China. On December 23, 1949, the special authorization of the people's government of formal regulation: on May 4 youth day in China.

1918年11月11日，延续4年之久的第一次世界大战以英、美、法等国的胜利和德、奥等国的失败而告结束。1919年1月，获胜的协约国在巴黎凡尔赛宫召开和平会议。中国作为战胜国参加会议。中国代表在会上提出废除外国在华特权，取消“二十一条”等正当要求，均遭拒绝。会议竟决定日本接管德国在华的各种特权。对这丧权辱国的条约，中国代表居然准备签字承认。消息传来，举国震怒，群情激愤。以学生为先导的五四爱国运动就如火山爆发一般地开始了。

5月4日下午，北京3000多名学生在天安门前集会游行，他们高呼“还我青岛”、“外争主权，内除国贼”等口号，呼吁各界人士行动起来，反对帝国主义的侵略行径，保卫中国的领土和主权。这一运动得到的工人和各阶层人士的声援和支持，上海、南京等地的工纷纷举行罢工或示威。在全国人民的压力下，北洋政府被迫释放被捕学生，罢免曹汝霖等人的职务，并指令巴黎参加会议的代表拒绝在和约上签字。

五四运动是一次彻底的不妥协的反帝反封建的爱国运动。她促进了马克思主义与中国工人运动的结合，造就了一批具有初步共产主义思想的知识分子，为中国共产党的建立做了思想上、干部上的准备。

为了使青年继承的发扬五四运动的光荣传统，1939年，陕甘宁边区西北青年救国联合会规定5月4日为中国青年节。1949年12月23日，中国人民政府政务院正式规定：5月4日为中国青年节。