qian xuesen (simplified chinese: 钱学森; traditional chinese: 钱学森; pinyin: qián xuésēn; wade-giles: ch'ien hsüeh-sên) (11 december 1911 ╟ 31 october 2009) was a scientist who made important contributions to the missile and space programs of both the united states and people's republic of china. nasa documents commonly refer to him as h.s. tsien.[1]

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during the 1940s qian was one of the founders of the jet propulsion laboratory[2] at the california institute of technology. during the second red scare of the 1950s, the united states government accused qian of having communist sympathies, and he was stripped of his security clearance[3] in 1950. qian then decided to return to china, but instead was detained at terminal island[4] near los angeles. after spending 5 years under virtual house arrest[5], qian was released in 1955, in exchange for the repatriation of american pilots captured during the korean war. notified by u.s. authorities that he was free to go, qian immediately arranged his departure, leaving for china in september of 1955, on the passenger liner ss president cleveland of american president lines, via hong kong. he returned to lead the chinese rocket program, and became known as the "father of chinese rocketry" 。