An earthquake is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves . Earthquakes are recorded with a seismometer , also known as a seismograph . The moment magnitude of an earthquake is conventionally reported, or the related and mostly obsolete Richter magnitude , with magnitude 3 or lower earthquakes being mostly imperceptible and magnitude 7 causing serious damage over large areas. Intensity of shaking is measured on the modified Mercalli scale.

At the Earth's surface, earthquakes manifest themselves by a shaking and sometimes displacement of the ground. When a large earthquake epicenter is located offshore, the seabed sometimes suffers sufficient displacement to cause a tsunami . The shaking in earthquakes can also trigger landslides and occasionally volcanic activity.

In its most generic sense, the word earthquake is used to describe any seismic event—whether a natural phenomenon or an event caused by humans—that generates seismic waves. Earthquakes are caused mostly by rupture of geological faults , but also by volcanic activity, landslides, mine blasts, and nuclear experiments.

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An earthquake's point of initial rupture is called its focus or hypocenter. The term epicenter means the point at ground level directly above this.

地震的能量突然释放的结果创造了地震波在地壳中。地震检波器记录,也称为地震仪。地震的矩震级是常规报道,或相关的,大多是过时的里克特震级,3级或低主要是无法察觉的,7级地震导致大面积严重损害。震动强度是衡量麦式震级范围修改。

显现在地球的表面,地震的震动,有时位移。当大地震震中位于海外,海底有时会出现足够的位移导致海啸。地震的震动也能引发山体滑坡和偶尔的火山活动。

在其最一般的意义上说,“地震”这个词是用来描述任何地震event-whether自然现象或一个事件引起的人类产生地震波。地震是主要由地质断层破裂引起的,但也受到火山活动,山体滑坡,我的爆炸,核的实验。

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地震的初始破裂称为它的焦点或震源。这个词意味着中心指向地面的正上方。