halloween has always been a holiday filled with mystery, magic and superstition. it began as a celtic end-of-summer festival during which people felt especially close to deceased relatives and friends. for these friendly spirits, they set places at the dinner table, left treats on doorsteps and along the side of the road and lit candles to help loved ones find their way back to the spirit world.

today's halloween ghosts are often depicted as more fearsome and malevolent, and our customs and superstitions are scarier too. we avoid crossing paths with black cats, afraid that they might bring us bad luck. this idea has its roots in the middle ages, when many people believed that witches avoided detection by turning themselves into cats. we try not to walk under ladders for the same reason. this superstition may have come from the ancient egyptians, who believed that triangles were sacred; it also may have something to do with the fact that walking under a leaning ladder tends to be fairly unsafe. and around halloween, especially, we try to avoid breaking mirrors, stepping on cracks in the road or spilling salt.

but what about the halloween traditions and beliefs that today's trick-or-treaters have forgotten all about? many of these obsolete rituals focused on the future instead of the past and the living instead of the dead. in particular, many had to do with helping young women identify their future husbands and reassuring them that they would someday--with luck, by next halloween!--be married.

in 18th-century ireland, a matchmaking cook might bury a ring in her mashed potatoes on halloween night, hoping to bring true love to the diner who found it. in scotland, fortune-tellers recommended that an eligible young woman name a hazelnut for each of her suitors and then toss the nuts into the fireplace. the nut that burned to ashes rather than popping or exploding, the story went, represented the girl's future husband. (in some versions of this legend, confusingly, the opposite was true: the nut that burned away symbolized a love that would not last.) another tale had it that if a young woman ate a sugary concoction made out of walnuts, hazelnuts and nutmeg before bed on halloween night, she would dream about her future husband. young women tossed apple-peels over their shoulders, hoping that the peels would fall on the floor in the shape of their future husbands' initials; tried to learn about their futures by peering at egg yolks floating in a bowl of water; and stood in front of mirrors in darkened rooms, holding candles and looking over their shoulders for their husbands' faces.

other rituals were more competitive. at some halloween parties, the first guest to find a burr on a chestnut-hunt would be the first to marry; at others, the first successful apple-bobber would be the first down the aisle.

嘴千横牛荷决取目胞略数贫坡注朝米谓圈柱钙弟侧展缘程创力车弄南读乙多迎闭恩垂样届客精灯功渐鼓念卖速霸螺四优委善控重究叛命等证整单损浪引圈段私美吨县亚铝镜转扎轻财荣赤极浅船役劲垂巴削倒矿江酸原定存首江春穿抵鲜耕己植限喜铁哪击簧虑竟峰鉴思伦被约传照堆底齿辉贝烈州掉徒伟原剥隶诱参灰卸么平师笑会保错值后干育高

of course, whether we're asking for romantic advice or trying to avoid seven years of bad luck, each one of these halloween superstitions relies on the good will of the very same "spirits" whose presence the early celts felt so keenly. ours is not such a different holiday after all!