国际儿童节的设立，和发生在二战期间一次著名的屠杀有关。1942年6月，德国法西斯枪杀了捷克利迪策村16岁以上的男性公民140余人和全部婴儿，并把妇女和90名儿童押往集中营。村里的房舍、建筑物均被烧毁，好端端的一个村庄就这样被德国法西斯给毁了。第二次世界大战结束后，世界各地经济萧条，成千上万的工人失业，过着饥寒交迫的生活。儿童的处境更糟，有的得了传染病，一批批地死去;有的则被迫当童工，受尽折磨，生活和生命得不到保障。为了悼念利迪策村和全世界所有在法西斯侵略战争中死难的儿童，1949年11月，国际民主妇女联合会在莫斯科举行理事会议。为了保障世界各国儿童的生存权、保健权和受教育权，为了改善儿童的生活，会议决定以利迪策村屠杀时的6月的第一天为国际儿童节。当时的很多国家表示赞同，特别是社会主义国家。

The establishment of the international children's day, and during the second world war massacre of a famous for. In 1942 June, the German Fascist shot of the Czech village of Lidice men over the age of 16 and all more than 140 babies, and women and 90 children taken to concentration camps. The village houses, buildings were burned, a village it was ruined by the German fascists. After the Second World War, the world economic recession, tens of thousands of workers unemployed, lived a life suffer hunger and cold. Children's situation worse, some got infectious diseases, batch to die; some were forced to as a child, tortured life and life is not guaranteed. To mourn Lidice village and the world all the victims of fascist aggression in children, in 1949 November, the International Democratic women's Federation Council meeting held in moscow. In order to protect the world's children to survival, health and education, to improve the lives of children, the first day of the conference decided to Lidice village massacre of June as the international children's day. Then many countries agreed, especially the socialist countries.

世界上许多国家都将6月1日定为儿童的节日，尤其是在社会主义国家。在欧美国家，儿童节的日期各不相同，而且往往很少举行社会公众性的庆祝活动。因此有人误解为只有社会主义国家才将6月1日定为国际儿童节。

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Many countries in the world will be June 1st as children's festival, especially in socialist countries. In the European and American countries, children's Day date each are not identical, and there is often little celebrations. So it is misunderstood as only socialist countries will be in June 1st as the international children's day.

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为了保障全世界儿童的权益，1949年11月，国际民主妇女联合会在莫斯科召开执委会决定，将每年6月1日作为国际儿童节。新中国成立后，中央人民政府政务院于1949年12月23日规定，将中国的儿童节与国际儿童节统一起来。

In order to protect the rights of children around the world, in 1949 November, the International Democratic women's Federation held the Executive Committee in Moscow will be decided in June 1st of each year as the international children's day. After the founding of new Chinese, the Central People's Government on December 23, 1949 shall be Chinese, children's day and international children's day together.