today,there are ways to protect and prepare possible sites of earthquakes from severe damage,through the following processes:earthquake engineering,earthquake preparedness,household seismic safety,seismic retrofit (including special fasteners,materials,and techniques),seismic hazard,mitigation of seismic motion,and earthquake prediction.seismic retrofitting is the modification of existing structures to make them more resistant to seismic activity,ground motion,or soil failure due to earthquakes.with better understanding of seismic demand on structures and with our recent experiences with large earthquakes near urban centers,the need of seismic retrofitting is well acknowledged.

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